IRLIST Digest ISSN 1064-6965 March 11, 1996 Volume XIII, Number 11 Issue 298 ********************************************************** I. QUERIES 1. Telemedicine Textbooks II. JOBS 1. Yale U.: Database Librarian, Systems Office 2. Lotus Development Corporation: Sr. Information Analyst III. NOTICES A. Publications 1. Information Processing & Management: CFP 2. The Information Society 111:4: Electronic Publishing IV. PROJECTS A. Abstracts 1. IR-Related Dissertation Abstracts ********************************************************** I. QUERIES I.1. Fr: Gary Littlefield Re: Lotus Development Corporation: Senior Information Analyst Lotus Development Corporation has an immediate opportunity for a senior information analyst to join its Information Resources Group (IRG). This person will manage IRG's cutting-edge electronic library of electronic information products including design, development, implementation, maintenance, and marketing. The electronic information products are delivered to internal clients through Lotus Notes applications. The person in this position will manage the day-to-day operation of existing electronic information products and will initiate and market new information products. They will manage relationships with information vendors; develop new relationships as appropriate; and assist in negotiating content and software license agreements. They will be responsible for assessing new technology and continuing to develop a hardware infrastructure for Lotus's electronic library. They will work closely with Lotus' IS group to support the electronic library. They will work with members of the Market Intelligence Group to design and deliver integrated information products to internal clients and will work with IBM colleagues to gain an understanding of IBM's information r esources. They will represent IRG to groups both within Lotus and outside Lotus. Given IRG's team-centered approach, this person will also be expected to contribute as necessary in other areas of IRG such as research services and collection management. Qualified candidates will have five plus years experience special/business libraries; significant experience with PC software/hardware, database design, and information technology, with Lotus Notes experience being a big plus. Familiarity with content/software providers (Dow Jones, Reuters, Desktop Data, Individual, Sandpoint, etc.) is important as is knowledge of secondary market research vendors in the IT industry. Online search and retrieval skills using Knight-Ridder (Dialog), Dow Jones, and Nexis, and a working knowledge of print business reference sources are useful. Excellent interpersonal and communications skills are extremely important as are flexibility, enthusiasm, and an ability to deal with frequent change. A team-centered approach and a commitment to quality customer service are vital. A master's degree in information or library science is preferred though a candidate with equivalent experience with libraries and information technology/content will be considered. Lotus offers a competitive salary and excellent benefits. Please send your resume to Kristen Liberman, Manager, information Resources Group, Lotus Development corporation, 55 Cambridge Parkway, 3E, Cambridge, MA 02142 or email it to kris_liberman@crd.lotus.com. Lotus is an equal opportunity employer. ********************************************************** III. NOTICES III.A.1. Fr: Mike Shepherd Re: IP&M Call for Papers CALL FOR PAPERS - DEADLINE EXTENDED Information Processing & Management Special Journal Issue on Electronic News Broadcast news is information about recent events of general interest as reported by newspapers, radio, and television. Electronic news, however, has the potential to be interactive and personalized. While editors and algorithms may define the core content of electronic news, new communication technologies will enable users to have access to supplemental material from enormous archives in digital libraries and to continual streams of newly created data. Electronic news promises to deliver to the reader an "edited" collage of recent events from wide domains in a manner that is both comprehensive and personalized. The focus of this special issue will be on the research that is leading to the next generation of news systems, i.e., systems that draw current news stories from a wide variety of sources and media and integrate these stories into personalized multimedia "editions" of the news. These systems will be based on switched, high bandwidth, two-way communications networks. Suggested topics within the context of electronic news may include but are not limited to the following: - information filtering - digital libraries - multimedia - agents - human-computer interaction - content analysis - hypermedia - indexing - user modelling - categorization The guest editors for this special issue are Michael Shepherd (shepherd@cs.dal.ca), Carolyn Watters (cwatters@dragon.acadiau.ca), and Forbes J. Burkowski (fjburkow@plg.waterloo.edu). Authors should submit 3 copies of their manuscript, double spaced, following the style as described in the IP&M instructions to contributors to: Professor Michael Shepherd Department of Mathematics, Statistics & Computing Science Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H 3J5 IMPORTANT DATES: Submission Date: April 15, 1996 Notification of Acceptance: June 15, 1996 Final Manuscript Due: September 15, 1996 ********** III.A.2. Fr: Rob Kling Re: The Information Society 11(4) .. Special issue on Electronic Publishing The Information Society Letter from Rob Kling Editor-in-Chief This issue of The Information Society, (volume 11 #4 - October-Dec, 1995), is the second since I became its third Editor-in-Chief. TIS was founded in the early 1980s by a visionary, Joseph Becker, who unfortunately died in July. Joe saw that information technologies had enormous possibilities in altering social life, and that key issues went far beyond the design of technological systems, such as the now popular information infrastructures (aka, infobahn, information highways). He developed TIS as an interdisciplinary and international forum for sound studies and lively articles that examine the social character and consequences of new information technologies. Joe's successor, Bob Anderson, continued to build the journal as a high-quality, reliable publication. I am exploring formats for organizing debates about key papers and topics. TIS has occasionally published debates. Ted Sterling's paper, "Democracy in an Information Society," served as the focus of a major debate in 1986 (TIS v. 4 #1/2). The October 1994 TIS issue (v. 10 #4) includes a debate between Abbe Mowshowitz and Geoff Walsham about the nature of managerial control and worklife in virtual organizations. I believe that these high-quality debates help readers better understand key issues about information technology and social change. This issue, devoted to Scholarly Communication and Electronic Journals, includes a lively debate by Stevan Harnad and Steve Fuller about the possibility of having all scholarly journals rapidly become completely electronic. I anticipate that many future issues of TIS will include debates nd diverse commentaries. One new format for debates and short position papers is the Forum, a section devoted to shorter papers. You can learn about forthcoming debates by checking TIS' home page. I also welcome readers' commentaries on TIS' articles and debates. I anticipate posting these, with authors' replies, on IS' home page. Those discussions that raise significant issues may also be published in subsequent issues of TIS. TIS is primarily a paper journal insofar as it circulates issues in paper, and is funded through paper-based subscriptions. However, I am exploring the use of electronic media to help better connect authors and readers in synergy with a paper-based journal. In my experience, some of the strategies for working with electronic media, such as electronic submissions, primarily displace costs from authors to editors and reviewers. I have been experimenting with electronic submissions on a case-by-case basis and find that I have to spend considerable time re-formatting electronically submitted manuscripts for review or subsequent publication. In some cases, I have not been able to extract effectively good text from electronic submissions. Part of the dilemma comes from the diverse electronic formats in which mail systems encapsulate texts (MIME, binhex, etc). In some cases, such as the debate in this issue between Stevan Harnad and Steve Fuller who are based in England, sending texts back and forth electronically was especially efficacious. Even so, their final manuscripts required some reworking for paper publication because the formatting styles that work best for some electronic text formats (such as ways of linking WWW addresses and explicitly quoting text in ASCII) require reworking for paper publication. On the other hand, paper publication can be slow and rigid. A TIS issue is mailed to subscribers about four to five months after I send materials to Taylor and Francis. For example, I have decided not to include the Call for Papers for TIS' special issue on Electronic Commerce in this issue because people who depend upon this paper issue to learn about it will have missed the deadline for submitting a paper. Consequently, Rolf Wigand and I are relying upon other means to announce this special issue: posting on selected LISTSERVs, distributing paper flyers at conferences, and linking the paper call to TIS' web pages. The articles in this issue focus on one key aspect of electronic publication -- readers having rapid access to the full electronic text of articles that have been accepted for publication. I see many other aspects of electronic publication in addition to access to full text, and will be exploring them in TIS. I hope that this collection of innovations will help make TIS a journal that many more scholars and professionals feel they must read routinely to keep up with the best studies and high-quality commentaries about new information technologies and social change. These innovations are experimental in many of their details, and I welcome comments from authors and readers about your views of these innovations and with alternative possibilities. This new spate of innovation would also not be possible without the help and enthusiasm of many people. The new editorial board members are acting as ambassadors for TIS by advising about the journal's new formats and by soliciting lively papers as well as serving as reviewers. Carolyn Cheung is acting as Managing Editor and handles the flow of manuscripts, reviews, and diverse correspondence. Financial and production support from Taylor and Francis, space and resources UC-Irvine's Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, and computer support from UCI's Department of Information and Computer Science make these TIS innovations possible. Rob Kling Editor-in-Chief The Information Society http://www.ics.uci.edu/kling/tis.html -------------------------------------------------------- The Information Society 11(4) October-Dec, 1995 -- Table of Contents Anderson, Robert. 1995. "In Memoriam: for Joseph Becker, founding Editor-in-Chief of TIS." Section: Electronic Journals and Scholarly Communication Kling, Rob. 1995. "Controversies About Electronic Journals and Scholarly Communication: An Introduction." (on TIS web site at http://www.ics.uci.edu/kling/tis.html) Stodolsky, David. 1995. "Consensus Journals: Invitational Journals Based Upon Peer Review." Kling, Rob and Lisa Covi. 1995. "Electronic Journals, Legitimate Media and Scholarly Communication," Rowland, Fytton. 1995. "Electronic Journals: Neither Free Nor Easy." Brent, Doug. 1995. "Stevan Harnad's "Subversive Proposal": Kick-Starting Electronic Scholarship, A Summary and Analysis." Harnad, Stevan. 1995. "The Postgutenberg Galaxy: How To Get There From Here." Fuller, Steve. 1995. "CyberPlatonism: An Inadequate Constitution for the Republic of Science." Harnad, Stevan. 1995. "Sorting the Esoterica From the Exoterica: There's Plenty of Room in Cyberspace." Fuller, Steve. 1995. "Cybermaterialism, Or Why There Is Not A Free Lunch in Cyberspace." Peek, Robin. 1995. "Spiders In the Web: A Satirical Look at the Development of the World Wide Web." REVIEWS Reviewed by Bob Newsom - "The Electronic Word: Democracy, Technology, and the Arts," by Richard Lanham and "The Gutenberg Elegies: The Fate of Reading in an Electronic Age," by Sven Birkirts Reviewed by Leslie R. Shade - "Global Networks: Computers and International Communication,' by Linda Harasim ********************************************************** IV. PROJECTS IV.A.1. Fr: Susanne M. Humphrey Re: Selected IR-Related Dissertation Abstracts The following are citations selected by title and abstract as being of potential interest to the Information Retrieval (IR) community, resulting from a computer search, using the CDP/Online system, of the Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI) database produced by University Microfilms International (UMI). Included are accession number (AN); author (AU); title (TI); degree, institution, year, number of pages (IN); UMI order number (DD); reference to the published DAI (SO); abstract (AB); one or more DAI subject descriptors chosen by the author (DE); thesis adviser (AR); and dates associated with the monthly update file (UP). Unless otherwise specified, paper or microform copies of dissertations may be ordered from University Microfilms International, Dissertation Copies, Post Office Box 1764, Ann Arbor, MI 48106; telephone for U.S. (except Michigan, Hawaii, Alaska): 1-800-521-3042, for Canada: 1-800-343-5299; fax: 313-973-1540. Price lists and other ordering and shipping information are in the introduction to the published DAI. An alternate source for copies is sometimes provided. Dissertation titles and abstracts contained here are published with permission of University Microfilms International, publishers of Dissertation Abstracts International (copyright by University Microfilms International), and may not be reproduced without their prior permission. AN AAI1360234 AU Carroll, Susan Annette. TI AN EXAMINATION OF DATABASE STRUCTURES AND QUERY TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING RETRIEVAL PERFORMANCE. IN Masters Thesis (M.S.)--STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AT UTICA-ROME, 1994, 133p. DD Order Number: AAI1360234. SO Masters Abstracts International. Volume: 33-04, page: 1265. AB "The goal of a database system is to simplify and facilitate access to data." (1) The users should not be concerned with the format or storage of data. One key complaint, however, is the user's lack of satisfaction with the system's performance. When a user administers a query to a database, the response time related to servicing this request is important. If there is a lag in response time, a user becomes frustrated, consequently devaluing the system's capabilities, and ultimately refusing to use the system. Important factors associated with a slow system are the data structure configuration and the system's access methods of the data. The purpose of this thesis was to examine query optimization techniques in Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMSs). These optimization techniques may be applied to any fourth generation RDBMS language. Factors influencing data retrieval include the size of the database, the structure of the database tables, as well as the type of data. New strategies were formulated to extend the techniques presented. The fourth generation database language, Oracle, was used in the suite of tests. These tests were analyzed for query efficiency and effectiveness. DE Computer Science. AR Mullick, Rosemary. UP 9507. Revised: 950727. AN AAI0575682 AU Davis, Marc Eliot. TI MEDIA STREAMS: REPRESENTING VIDEO FOR RETRIEVAL AND REPURPOSING. IN Thesis (PH.D.)--MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 1995 DD Not available from UMI. SO Dissertation Abstracts International. Volume: 56-02, Section: B, page: 0915. AB Current computing systems are just beginning to enable the computational manipulation of digital video. Because of the relative opacity of video, it must be represented in order to be manipulable according to its content. Knowledge representation techniques have been implicitly designed for representing the physical world and its textual representations. Video poses unique problems and opportunities for knowledge representation which challenge many of its assumptions about the structure and function of what is represented. The semantics and syntax of video require representational designs which employ fundamentally different concepts of space, time, character, action, identity, and transition. In particular, the effect of the syntax of video sequences on the semantics of video shots requires that representation and retrieval technologies clearly articulate the differences between the sequence-dependent and sequence-independent semantics of video data. Implementing these ideas, Media Streams uses a stream-based, semantic, memory-based representation with an iconic visual language interface of hierarchically structured, composable, and searchable primitives to annotate video for content-based retrieval. Media Streams addresses problems of annotation convergence and human-system communication by creating a standardized language for representing video content in a global media archive. The system introduces new retrieval-by-composition methods which reinvent video editing as a process of logging and retrieval. Media Streams generates pre-narrative, non-verbal video sequences resembling short sequences from the cinematic styles of silent film, compilation film, avant-garde cinema, documentary, music video, and home video. Developing Media Streams required interdisciplinary research in artificial intelligence, film theory, and user interface design. The research in AI draws from work on dynamic memory, analogical understanding, and case-based reasoning (Schank, Lenat, Haase); the film analysis techniques borrow from formalist, structuralist, reader-response, and semiotic approaches (Metz, Eco, Bordwell, Iser), the work of Soviet silent film practitioners (Kuleshov, Eisenstein), and recent research on the aesthetics and practice of communities of television fans who appropriate and reuse found materials (Jenkins). The thesis document is accompanied by a videotape with examples of video sequences retrieved/generated by the system. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.). DE Computer Science. Cinema. Information Science. AR Haase, Kenneth. UP 9507. Revised: 950727. AN AAI9520670 AU Reynolds, Nikki Erickson. TI USER EFFECTIVENESS IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL FROM PERSONAL DOCUMENT COLLECTIONS. IN Thesis (PH.D.)--STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BINGHAMTON, 1995, 156p. DD Order Number: AAI9520670. SO Dissertation Abstracts International. Volume: 56-02, Section: B, page: 0927. AB The use of personal computers for work and home life has been increasing rapidly in the last decade. This growth in PC use has been driving the growth in information services. These services make it possible for users to access a wide variety of information via bulletin boards, electronic mail, user groups, commercial databases of all types, and public sources on the Internet. All of these factors combine to make retrieval of documents from a personal computer system a serious problem in need of solution. Many commercial and experimental systems are being developed in the hopes of discovering "good" solutions to this problem. Some of these systems are novel combinations of standard information retrieval and file management techniques; some systems offer techniques that have not yet been tried. However, there is not currently any data available on the effectiveness of existing retrieval and file management techniques. This dissertation reports research done to explore the needs of PC users for retrieval, and the effectiveness of existing solutions. The research included the creation of a library of C++ classes to serve as the foundation for the development of a variety of retrieval prototypes. Laboratory tests using human subjects were conducted to try to determine the relative effectiveness of three existing PC document retrieval techniques, used alone and in combination with each other. The data gathered during this project iv indicates that quite simple free text descriptions of documents, combined with standard vector space retrieval techniques, offer the most effective retrieval for a wide variety of users. DE Computer Science. Information Science. UP 9507. Revised: 950727. AN AAIMM94147 AU Wang, Henry Ying. TI AN EFFICIENT MULTI-PATH ORGANIZATION FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL. IN Masters Thesis (M.SC.)--UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH (CANADA), 1994, 181p. DD Order Number: AAIMM94147. SO Masters Abstracts International. Volume: 33-04, page: 1273. AB Information retrieval (IR) is playing an increasingly important role in many applications such as library and office automation. An ideal IR system should help a user find as much relevant information as possible while letting the user examine as little non-relevant information as possible and give the user control over the amount of information retrieved and the order of information presented. Different components of many IR models are studied and the reasons why the systems based on these models succeed or fail to achieve the goals are analyzed. A new organization method called Multiple Access Path (MAP), which is based on geometry structures, is proposed. MAP is efficient and effective for IR. Systems based on MAP take natural language query, find the most relevant document in the database and guide the user in browsing through other documents in the order of relevance. DE Computer Science. Information Science. AR Swart, e R. IB 0-315-94147-2 UP 9507. Revised: 950727. AN AAI9517599 AU Suarez, Celia Cristina. TI LINCC: A CASE STUDY OF THE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROMPTED BY THE INTRODUCTION OF AN ONLINE CATALOG TO THE NORTH CAMPUS OF MIAMI-DADE COMMUNITY COLLEGE (FLORIDA). IN Thesis (ED.D.)--FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, 1994, 410p. DD Order Number: AAI9517599. SO Dissertation Abstracts International. Volume: 56-02, Section: A, page: 0440. AB This dissertation was prompted by concern for the national economic crisis that is being fueled by the poor academic performance of U.S. students at a time when the challenge of mastering the computer, in schools and the workplace, is requiring more literacy and information skills than in previous decades. When the Florida legislature funded, in 1989-90, a library automation project for the community college libraries, an opportunity was seized by the researcher to address this problem by involving the North Campus of Miami-Dade Community College in curriculum development activities focused around a library computer innovation. The introduction of LINCC, an online catalog, to the North Campus of Miami-Dade Community College, prompted the goals of this qualitative research, case study documentation of a curriculum development, action research project. Due to the academic underpreparedness of the community college student, the problem identified by the researcher was to plan for the arrival of the online catalog in a manner that the user population, students and faculty, would be prepared to use it effectively. Through needs assessment of students, faculty, librarians, and key administrators of the North Campus, a strategic planning process resulted in instructional development activities culminating in a two-tier, instruction-in-use program for LINCC. DE Education, Community College. Education, Curriculum and Instruction. Library Science. UP 9507. Revised: 950727. AN AAI9518521 AU Puttapithakporn, Somporn. TI A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF USER ERROR IN SEARCHING AN ONLINE PUBLIC CATALOG SYSTEM. IN Thesis (PH.D.)--INDIANA UNIVERSITY, 1994, 226p. DD Order Number: AAI9518521. SO Dissertation Abstracts International. Volume: 56-02, Section: A, page: 0391. AB Two commonly-used criteria to identify user errors in online public catalog (OPAC) searching are based upon the consequences of undesirable actions: zero-hit searches and information overload. This study analyzed user error of an OPAC system based upon both users' think-aloud protocols and monitoring records of user input and system output. Two groups of participants, four novice and three experienced users, all undergraduates at Indiana University, searched six predetermined queries. Protocol analysis technique was used to analyze and infer cognitive processes. Resulting errors were considered with respect to Reason's (1990) Generic Error-Modelling System (GEMS). Three types of errors were discussed: skill-, rule- and knowledge-based errors. Skill-based errors mostly involved typography and spelling. The rule- and knowledge-based errors were associated with the problem-solving process: formulation of goals and subgoals, setting and execution of action plans, and review and evaluation. Experienced searchers had a larger and more extensive collection of solution rules than novices. However, when searching a difficult query, experienced searchers made the same errors as novices. Errors found in the study occurred either singly or as a chain of events. The degrees of severity of errors related to two elements of the error phenomenon: detection and correction. The majority of rule- and knowledge-based errors were not detected and corrected by users whereas over 98% of skill-based errors were. Some errors helped searchers in the learning process and skill development. Reported errors elicited from post-search interviews reflected only the problems of which searchers were aware. Recommendations for system and interface design, user education and librarians' and information professionals' role were discussed. DE Library Science. Psychology, General. Information Science. AR Pungitore, Verna. Shaw, Debora. UP 9507. Revised: 950727. AN AAI9518106 AU Harris, Pamela Maize. TI TESTING MOLITOR'S MODEL FOR TRACKING THE INFORMATION HIGHWAY: AN ISSUES MANAGEMENT STUDY (GRAHAM MOLITOR, INTERNET). IN Thesis (PH.D.)--THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, 1994, 268p. DD Order Number: AAI9518106. SO Dissertation Abstracts International. Volume: 56-02, Section: A, page: 0392. AB This study tested Graham Molitor's Precursor Monitoring Model and extended work done by Lancaster and Lee, who tested online databases for growth, spread, and movement of an issue as it diffuses over time through various types of printed literature. Using bibliometric methodology, the Internet, representing the Information Highway as a public policy issue, was tracked retrospectively from its earliest point of origin in scientific and research literature through trade and industry literature, the general press and legislative literature. This study supports Lancaster and Lee's finding that a public policy issue appears first in scientific and research literature. It does not support Molitor's prediction that a public policy issue gains the attention of the public through general press coverage, creating a public outcry and resulting in legislative action. The study found that general press coverage of the Information Highway did not begin in earnest until 1993. A revised model is offered reflecting diffusion of the Internet through printed literature. One of the purposes of this study was to determine at what point the Internet became a "hot" issue. Earliest identification of this point has implications for issues managers and public relations professionals. This study found that the press neglected coverage of this issue until major corporations began merging in anticipation of commercialization of the Information Highway. In this research, an issue reached the point of significance when coverage in trade and industry literature tripled within one year. The research also introduced and demonstrated a technique, the Intensity Index, for measuring the value of some articles over others. This study confirmed Bradford's Law of Scatter for identifying core journals, showing that a small number of high-yield trade and industry journals provided broad coverage of the Information Highway. The study introduced Precursor Pointers, qualitative tracking techniques to help an issues manager identify important players, industries, corporations, politicians, legislation, publications and advertisements in a precursor environment. Through in-depth interviews with database publishers and producers, this study addresses the limitations and advantages of online databases for retrospective research. DE Mass Communications. Library Science. Journalism. AR Lucarelli, Susan. UP 9507. Revised: 950727. AN AAI9520493 AU Widner, Robert Lee, Jr. TI THE EFFECT OF RETRIEVED INFORMATION ON QUESTION-ANSWERING. IN Thesis (PH.D.)--TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, 1994, 111p. DD Order Number: AAI9520493. SO Dissertation Abstracts International. Volume: 56-02, Section: B, page: 1136. AB When answering questions there are frequently instances when answers do not immediately come to mind but we feel they are known. This has been referred to as a feeling-of-knowing (FOK) experience. There is little consensus among researchers as to the effect of retrieved information on the frequency and accuracy of reported FOKs. In the present study "retrieved" refers to a conscious retrieval of information from memory that requires effort and cognitive resources (e.g., recollection). Some argue that the effects of automatic processes, such as assessments of cue familiarity, are sufficient for accurate FOK reports. Others argue that it is necessary to first retrieve information in order to obtain accurate FOKs. The present study, consisting of two experiments, assessed the effect of retrieved information on the frequency and accuracy of reported FOKs. In both experiments a divided-attention task was used to reduce the amount of retrieved information that could be used in making FOK judgments. It was predicted that fewer FOKs would be reported by subjects who engaged in a divided-attention task relative to subjects who did not (the Full-Attention condition). Such a finding would be indicative of the role played by retrieved information in making FOK judgments. It was found that FOKs were more accurate and frequent when they were based on retrieved information, FOKs required a substantially longer period of time to report than correct answers, incorrect answers, and "don't know" responses (as reflected by response latencies), and FOKs required a relatively large amount of cognitive resources (as reflected by digit-tracking performance). It was concluded that recollection plays a critical role in making FOK judgments (as reflected by a decrease in the frequency and accuracy levels) and that the priming effects noted by Reder (1987, 1988) and others are primarily based on information obtained through a recollective process. The present findings illuminate the processes underlying our ability to answer questions particularly in those cases where we fail to retrieve the answer but we feel we know it. Further, these findings are extended to problem-solving behavior. DE Psychology, Experimental. Language, Linguistics. AR Smith, Steven M. UP 9507. Revised: 950727. ********************************************************** IRLIST Digest is distributed from the University of California, Division of Library Automation, 300 Lakeside Drive, Oakland, CA. 94612-3550. Send subscription requests and submissions to: NCGUR@UCCMVSA.UCOP.EDU Editorial Staff: Clifford Lynch calur@uccmvsa.ucop.edu Nancy Gusack ncgur@uccmvsa.ucop.edu The IRLIST Archives is set up for anonymous FTP. Using anonymous FTP via the host dla.ucop.edu, the files will be found in the directory pub/irl, stored in subdirectories by year (e.g., /pub/irl/1993). These files are not to be sold or used for commercial purposes. Contact Nancy Gusack for more information on IRLIST. THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED IN IRLIST DO NOT REPRESENT THOSE OF THE EDITORS OR THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. AUTHORS ASSUME FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR