IRLIST Digest ISSN 1064-6965 September 29, 1992 Volume IX, Number 35 Issue 131 ********************************************************** I. NOTICES C. Miscellaneous 1. Distinguished Lecturship: W. Bruce Croft II. QUERIES B. Requests for Information 1. Re: II.B.1., Issue 129 2. Automated Scheduling? IV. PROJECT WORK C. Abstracts 1. IR-Related Dissertation Abstracts ********************************************************** I. NOTICES I.C.1. Fr: Amy Wang Re: Prof. Bruce Croft on "Putting Information Retrieval to the Test" [The following has been cross-posted to ASIS-L, IR-L, LIBRES, & PACS-L for someone who does not have Internet access. Apologies for the duplication.] NJ/ASIS Distinguished Lectureship - W. Bruce Croft October 14, 1992 The New Jersey Chapter of the American Society for Information Science proudly announces Professor W. Bruce Croft of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst as the recipient of its eighth annual Distinguished Lectureship award. New Jersey established this award in 1985 to honor individuals who have made significant contributions to the field of information science. You are cordially invited to attend the events surrounding the presentation of this award. COLLOQUIUM: W. Bruce Croft, "Current Research at the University of Massachusetts Information Retrieval Laboratory." He will present and discuss recent results from IR research including the use of phrases in retrieval, automatic thesaurus construction, the inference net retrieval model, and integration with database systems. PROGRAM: NJ/ASIS Distinguished Lectureship Award - W. Bruce Croft, "Putting Information Retrieval to the Test: Experiences from the TIPSTER Project." This talk will focus on the DARPA-funded TIPSTER project in which IR techniques are evaluated using large, full-text databases in English and Japanese. The early experiences from this project will be discussed, along with the potential impact of this work on the development of commercial systems. For complete information contact: Amy Wang ********************************************************** II. QUERIES From: Gordon Joly Re: Request for Info on Multi-user On-line Bibliographies Issue 129, II.B.1. Please note that email to sasha@uswest.com is failing (the user has gone away). My apologies, and I will collect replies and wait for a contact from them. >> II.B.1. >> Fr: Gordon Joly >> Re: Request for Info on Multi-user On-line Bibliographies. >> >> Please reply via email to sasha@uswest.com ********** II.B.2. Fr: Bill Sherman, NL x6210 Re: Automated Scheduling? Hi -- here at NUWC (NUSC is the old name) we've got a lab with lots of equipment, and lots of users that reserve time with the equipment. All the scheduling has been done by hand. I'd like to see if anybody is using some off-the-shelf or some custom designed software to streamline and improve the process. Bill ********************************************************** IV. PROJECT WORK IV.C.1. Fr: Susanne M. Humphrey Re: Selected IR-Related Dissertation Abstracts The following are citations selected by title and abstract as being related to Information Retrieval (IR), resulting from a computer search, using BRS Information Technologies, of the Dissertation Abstracts Online database produced by University Microfilms International (UMI). Included are UMI order number, title, author, degree, year, institution; number of pages, one or more Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI) subject descriptors chosen by the author, and abstract. Unless otherwise specified, paper or microform copies of dissertations may be ordered from University Microfilms International, Dissertation Copies, Post Office Box 1764, Ann Arbor, MI 48106; telephone for U.S. (except Michigan, Hawaii, Alaska): 1-800-521-3042, for Canada: 1-800-268-6090. Price lists and other ordering and shipping information are in the introduction to the published DAI. An alternate source for copies is sometimes provided. Dissertation titles and abstracts contained here are published with permission of University Microfilms International, publishers of Dissertation Abstracts International (copyright by University Microfilms International), and may not be reproduced without their prior permission. AN University Microfilms Order Number ADG92-03024. AU CARLI, NANETTE MARIE. TI KEY THEORETICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND METHODOLOGICAL CONCEPTS ADDRESSED IN TWO MAJOR AMERICAN ART EDUCATION PUBLICATIONS FROM 1948 THROUGH 1988. IN Illinois State University Ed.D. 1991, 130 pages. SO DAI V52(08), SecA, pp2795. DE Education, Art. Education, History of. AB This investigation attempted to identify the origin of theoretical, philosophical, and methodological concepts through frequency of inclusion in the journals, Art Education and Studies in Art Education, from 1948 through 1988. The study pertained to American art education, kindergarten through the twelfth grade. By focusing on the past, present fragmentary belief systems and practices may be better understood by art educators. The related literature search did not reveal any studies concerning the development of conceptual patterns or trends. Thus, the data generated from this study may, in part, compensate for the omission of information on conceptual development in the field of art education. The ten concepts identified through related literature and relevant selected journals were: aesthetic education, art for special needs, creativity, environmental influences/ecology, evaluation, humanistic education, integrated activities/interdisciplinary approach, multicultural education, sensory perception, and emergent trends. These concepts and related subdescriptors were cited in the Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors and the Education Index. Three forms of article identification and categorization were necessary for this investigation: a panel of 22 independent raters evaluated articles that appeared prior to indexing from 1948 through June of 1961, the Education Index was used from July of 1961 through 1969, and the Educational Resource Index Center was utilized for article identification from 1970 through 1988. A total of 1,115 pertinent publications were identified, categorized, charted, and analyzed. The frequency distribution of each concept and subdescriptor was determined from 1948 through 1988 and by selected decades. Frequency distribution charts were utilized to identify possible trends or patterns. Those categories cited most consistently in the selected journals were aesthetic education, evaluation, and emergent trends. In descending order of inclusion were art for special needs, integrated activities/interdisciplinary approach, creativity, sensory perception, humanistic education, multicultural education, and environmental influences/ecology. AN University Microfilms Order Number ADG92-07902. AU STEINBERG, GEOFFREY. TI A METHODOLOGY FOR ASSISTING THE NOVICE END-USER TO DEVELOP SMALL SYSTEMS THROUGH AUTOMATIC SCHEMA AND CODE GENERATION AND PROTOTYPING. IN Temple University Ph.D. 1991, 218 pages. SO DAI V52(09), SecA, pp3159. DE Education, Business. Computer Science. AB The term software crisis reflects the increasing difficulty of software developers in meeting user requirements in a timely fashion. Spending more time on the requirements analysis stage has been suggested as the best solution for ensuring that a finished system meets user requirements and for reducing the lifetime cost of software. End-users develop systems often without performing a thorough system analysis. End-users may also have difficulty understanding complex databases (relationships among multiple tables). There are gaps in the availability of tools and techniques for addressing end-user class systems. This dissertation experimentally examines a model which addresses this gap and extends the concepts developed in recent research for preparing logical schemes. The new model represents a methodology for developing a complete system prototype by the end-user. The user enters specifications in English sentences that are automatically converted into a logical database schema. User validation of the schema is provided for, and code is automatically generated to provide a prototype for maintaining the relationships in the schema. Two feedback loops (in technical domain and user domain) are included that allow the user to cycle through the phases of the methodology, until a satisfactory application prototype is developed. Validation of the model involved demonstrating that it performs schema modification operations in accordance with relational theory. It was also demonstrated that it could be employed by end-users for developing a real and complete DBMS based application. Feedback was shown to be significantly important to the users performance, but the contribution of user domain feedback, although higher than that of technical domain feedback, was not shown to be significantly different. That finding suggests that the time and complexity of technical domain feedback can be eliminated while providing the information that end-users require to properly design database schemes. AN University Microfilms Order Number ADG91-32430. AU CHANG, CHING-KUCH. TI THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY, NEED FOR COGNITION, AND ORIENTATION TOWARD LEARNING ON INFORMATION SEARCH STRATEGIES. IN Purdue University Ph.D. 1991, 178 pages. SO DAI V52(09), SecA, pp3222. DE Education, Psychology. Information Science. AB The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of several cognitive and personality variables (e.g., cognitive complexity, need for cognition, and orientation toward learning) on information search strategies and to identify different types of information searchers. Thirty-two college students spent approximately 30 minutes interacting with a multi-media, hyperstack computer program on the Vietnam War. No constraints were put on the subjects as they searched through this loosely-structured yet information-rich environment. Through examining think-aloud protocols and video records of subjects' on screen responses, it was possible to determine, at a descriptive level, the kinds of search strategies subjects were employing as they moved through the HyperCard program. It was found that subjects high in cognitive ability and motivation formulated more issue-relevant questions, chose more concept-oriented topics, made fewer sequential movements, and wrote more cognitively complex summaries following their information searches than subjects low in cognitive ability and motivation. These two groups of subjects did not differ, however, in the amount of time they spent on each topic or in the number of index versus keyword movements they made between topics. Finally, four types of information searchers were identified: the Aimless Wanderer, the Fact Retriever, the Casual Investigator, and the Integrative Analyst. These four types of information searchers differed in their levels of cognitive ability and motivation as well as in the types of questions guiding their information searches. They also differed in their orientation to the subject matter, approaching it either actively or passively, and in the extent to which they attempted to integrate retrieved information. The results of the present study validate Petty and Cacioppo (1986) conceptualizations concerning central versus peripheral route processing and apply these types of processing to the domain of information search strategies. Moreover, the results of the present study also extend McDaniel and Lawrence's (1990) conceptualizations concerning levels of cognitive complexity and describe the effects of these levels on information search strategies. Furthermore, the results of the present study can be directly applied to the field of education and the domain of computer-human interactions. Finally, avenues of future research are discussed. AN University Microfilms Order Number ADG92-06013. AU MAIDENBERG, EMANUEL. TI EXPERTISE IN ONLINE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL. IN University of California, Los Angeles Ph.D. 1991, 207 pages. SO DAI V52(09), SecA, pp3225. DE Education, Psychology. Education, Technology. Library Science. AB New information technologies offer the promise of major improvements in human problem-solving skills. Whether or not this promise will be achieved depends on the development of a better theoretical understanding of information-seeking behavior and using this knowledge to improve online systems. This research is driven by these fundamental considerations. A particular interest was in the process of subject-based searches where users search for unknown documents on certain topics of interest in an online database. The assumption underlying this research was that responsive systems should incorporate functional behaviors of an expert in online information retrieval. The major objectives of the research were: (1) to analyze those behaviors correlated with success in online searching (User-System study), and (2) to identify the functions which must be performed by the human intermediary in order to successfully interact with the user (User-Librarian study). In the User-System study, 15 experienced searchers and 15 novices were compared on search outcome and search process variables. In the User-Librarian study, 15 interactions between librarians and users who required assistance in searching for information were observed and analyzed. The primary method was to make video recordings of user/system interactions and audio recordings of user/librarian interactions in online searches and to subject the transcripts to detailed functional analysis. In the User-System study, the main results were that, as expected, experienced searchers performed significantly better than novice searchers. The search process measures revealed considerable differences between the two groups: novices had more difficulties in developing appropriate search terms and operating the system, employed less effective term-refinement strategies, and did not have enough previous knowledge to rely upon while searching. Searchers' difficulties as well as knowledge components needed for successful search were identified. In the User-Librarian study, assistance strategies and knowledge resources used by librarians in the process of search consultation were studied in depth. Functional stages of the online search process were defined and a taxonomy of heuristics employed by librarians at each of the stages was developed. Implications of the findings for the development of a more responsive information retrieval system were outlined. AN This item is not available from University Microfilms International ADG05-70849. AU HWANG, HAE-YOUNG RIEH. TI APPLICATION OF CITATION ANALYSIS TO NATIONAL STI POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF KOREAN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING. IN Simmons College D.A. 1991. SO DAI V52(09), SecA, pp3113. DE Information Science. AB Numerous studies, including a few set in Korea, have investigated scientists' and engineers' needs for and uses of STI. However, no study has investigated scientists and engineers in electrical and electronics engineering nor has published policy research in general drawn on citation analysis. This study investigated citation patterns of publications by Korean scientists and engineers in electrical and electronics engineering, a field of importance to Korea. The objectives of the study were: to identify the citation behavior of this group of scientists and engineers; to compare their citation behavior in government, universities, and industry/companies; and to compare the citation patterns exhibited by articles taken from Korean and non-Korean publications. As sources to derive citations, Korean Periodicals Index (KPI) and the INSPEC database were selected, based on a consideration of the advantages and disadvantages associated with different methods of source selection. A random sample of Korean scientists' and engineers' publications were drawn for the years of 1986-1989. Some 189 articles indexed in INSPEC and 235 articles indexed in KPI yielded 3,414 citations. Based on the study findings, the significance of the citation behavior of Korean scientists and engineers was examined in light of STI policy formulation and review, as well as for the provision of library and information center services. Taking into account current Korean STI plans, it was recommended that study findings be incorporated into Korean database and network construction, and that informal networks among scientists and engineers be strengthened. Korea needs to create a national STI center and develop guidelines for effective utilization of STI networks and STI related research. Overall, it was concluded that citation analysis could be a useful methodology for STI policy formulation and review. Citation analysis definitely provides information useful in collection development and the provision of library and information center services. Finally, recommendations for future research were offered. AN University Microfilms Order Number ADG91-29106. AU RUHLEDER, KAREN. TI INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS INSTRUMENTS OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION: THE COMPUTERIZATION OF CLASSICAL SCHOLARSHIP. IN University of California, Irvine Ph.D. 1991, 288 pages. SO DAI V52(09), SecA, pp3113. DE Information Science. Computer Science. AB Computer-based technologies are often seen as instruments that effect radical transformation within workplaces; these transformations are expressed through utopian or dystopian visions of empowered knowledge workers or electronic sweatshops. Visions, however, do little to examine the evidence for and the nature of such transformations. In what ways do new computer-based technologies re-form and re-shape the nature, structure, and organization of work. In particular, how do these technologies affect a domain of work which is abstract in nature and consists of the evaluation and amalgamation of many diverse information sources. This dissertation reports on an empirical study of the impact of information technologies on a specific class of knowledge workers, classical scholars. My goal is to understand the phenomenon of change due to increased use of information technologies from the point of view of the members of this social world. In order to do this; I will follow the procedures for data collection and analysis of the grounded theory approach as developed by Anselm Strauss and his associates. I employ the social worlds perspective as an organizing framework. In subsequent chapters, I consider the diffusion of a particular set of computer-based research tools within the discipline and subsequent changes to individuals' work patterns, task definition and interactions within and without the discipline. I further evaluate changes in the accessibility of information and the attendent impact on social and organizational structures. Finally, I describe the emergence of electronic communities and new domains of work as information and communication technologies become more prevalent. ********************************************************** IRLIST Digest is distributed from the University of California, Division of Library Automation, 300 Lakeside Drive, Oakland, CA. 94612-3550. 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